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Saturday 6 December 2008

Service Computer at Home and office

Bermodal Ilmu dan pengalaman yang kami punya di bidang Komputer dan didukung SDM yang handal kami dari CV. Nabila Computer Sigli Menawarkan Jasa Perbaikan Komputer baik Bult Up maupun Rakitan lama masa service tergantung kerusakan

Kami Menawarkan 3 jenis Layanan Service
1. Service Berskala artinya
kami menawarkan Layanan service bulanan, layanan ini khusus untuk kantor/departement pemerintah maupun lembaga swadaya masyarakat (LSM) proses pengerjaan kami lakukan di tempat kalau kerusakan bisa langsung di atasi, bila kerusakan memerlukan waktu perbaikan lama dan tidak bisa ditangani di tempat kami bawa ke workshop kami dan akan di antar ke tempat kalau sudah selesai, harga untuk jasa ini sesuai dengan perjanjian (kontrak Kerja) diluar kerusakan Spartpart (ganti perangkat yang rusak)

2. Layanan Service Home & Office
Service tidak terikat, layanan ini artinya kami akan datang ke tempat costumer, baik kantor maupun rumah, pengerjaan kami lakukan langsung di tempat costumer dan jika tidak bisa diatasi atau kerusakan berat kami bawa ke workshop kami untuk di perbaiki, selesai kami antar/kirim kembali ke kostumer harga untk layanan ini Rp.150.000 tidak termasuk ganti spertpart

3. In Workshop Service artinya costumer mendatangi workshop kami dan proses pengerjaannya di tempat kami biaya untuk jasa ini Rp. 100.000

adapun kerusakan yang kami tangani meliputi :
- Trouble Shooting (Hang/Mati,Error System)
- Virus Cleaner (Spyware,adware,virus removal service)
- Recovery Data (back Up, Restore data)
- Upgrade System
- Instalasi/Rakit (baru)

Masa Garansi
Garansi untuk semua layanan adalah 1 bulan untuk kerusakan yang sama

Read More......

Thursday 27 November 2008

Dell Luncurkan Versi terbarunya

dell luncurkan notebook terbarunya dengan fasilitas dan model yang sangat bagus
Dell VOSTRO 1310 dengan perpaduan ketangguhan notebook 14" dengan mobilitas notebook 12"
Dell Vestro 1310 yang lebih mungil dan ringan beratnya hanya 1,8 Kg dengan ukuran layar 13,3 Inc dan memiliki resolusi layar 1280 x 800 sehingga mampu membawa ketajaman dan efektifitas keleluasaanpandangan


Spesifikasi dari VOSTRO 1320 Dell
- Pentium Core 2 Duo 1,8 GHz
- Memory 1 GB
- WiFi
- 4 Slot USB
- DVD/RW
- Internal Card Raider
- Touchscren Panel

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Assistant Medical

Being a medical assistant is one of the most wanted jobs recently. Many people, especially women want and like working as a medical assistant. They have different reason why they want to jump into this job. Some people want to work in this field because they love the health care field, look for a career after graduating for school, want to help other people and many else.

This working field also becomes one of the high demands job and every years many hospital need a lot of medical assistants. This situation makes many companies offer medical assistant schools and one of them is medassistant.org. Medassistant is a great online medical school which helps the people or their customers to get their goals to become a medical assistant. Many specialties you will get when studying here; as soon as you graduate, you will get a certificate which you can use to improve your career opportunity, faster promotion and higher income.

Besides that you don’t have to come to the class because all learning process held through e-learning. You can study at your own pace and convenience. They offer 24 hour and 7 days a week which mean that if you are busy, you can study any time. Many people think that being medical assistants are very rewarding career, so it is your time to have that rewarding job. For more info, don’t hesitate to visit the website.

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Friday 31 October 2008

Google Chrome beta due in days

Google will soon begin distributing a third beta version of its Chrome Web browser, a release that takes on bugs, performance, and security weaknesses.

"You will automatically get updated in the next few days," Chrome program manager Mark Larson said in a mailing list post Wednesday night announcing the new version. People can check if a new version is available by clicking the wrench menu and selecting "About Google Chrome."

On the security front, Google Chrome version 0.3.154.9 stomps a security problem in which a site--if it convinces a user to open a pop-up window--could show a different Web address than the one that actually supplied the information.

"This flaw could be used to mislead people about the origin of a Web site in order to get them to divulge sensitive information," Larson said.

Found in the new beta: better performance and reliability for plug-ins such as Flash and Silverlight; support for scrolling with a touchpad; and better performance and reliability for people who browse the Web through a proxy intermediary. More details are expected to become available in the Chrome release notes page, though at present that page hasn't been updated.

Also, although Google aggressively promotes search technology to make people's lives more convenient, the company concluded it's not a good idea to index the contents of Web pages that were accessed over a secure connection. "You can still search your history for the site's address, but not the contents on the page," Google said in a Chrome release notes blog post Wednesday.

Other changes:

• The spell-checker underlines misspelled words in text-input boxes now, and users can right-click words to add them to a dictionary.

• Google, with some outside help, tidied up the process for launching regular and incognito windows, moving the option from the "control the current page" menu to the "control Chrome" among other changes.

• When users download executable programs, such as those ending with .exe or .dll extensions, Chrome now gives them dummy filenames until users confirm they really want to download the files. Unconfirmed downloads are deleted when Chrome exits.

Google released the first Chrome beta in early September and quickly followed up with a second release to fix serious security problems.

Google also offers a faster moving but less-well-tested developer release of Chrome. The newest beta version is the same as the most recent developer version except for one new feature: translation of text such as dialog boxes and menu commands into 42 languages.

I've been testing the Chrome developer releases, and one thing Google didn't mention in its release notes is better JavaScript performance over the earlier Chrome releases. Fast JavaScript is a key part of Google's ambition to use Chrome to spur faster Web application development.

Chrome is an open-source project, and Google maintains a Chrome issues list for those curious about new priorities. It's still only available on Windows, but Google is working on Mac OS X and Linux versions.


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Blackberry Storm, get hit by the Storm!

The Blackberry Storm looks and sounds like a businessman’s dream, featuring almost real touch screen buttons, and according to a Youtube video I watched there is a docking station that turns it into an alarm clock while charging.

Some features:

* camera (don’t all smart phones have cameras?)
* Bluetooth
* GPS
* Wi-fi
* music playback
* browser uses real HTML
* handles Blackberry mail

Now all that’s needed is Gmail on the Storm and some of the cool features it brings like the new ability to add gadgets like GCalendar and GDocs to Gmail’s left navigation area where you find Chat and Labels. How cool would it be if Blackberry and Google worked out a deal to get Android on a Blackberry? Maybe someone out there can customize Android for the Blackberry? I know the $10 million prize was for Homebrewed Android apps, but maybe some heavy-hitter in the Open Source community wouldn’t mind doing the legwork and I’d love a complimentary Storm on Android for authoring the idea… although I’m sure its either not too original or not possible so I probably won’t get one. Oh well, here’s a cool Backberry Storm video:

Read More......

Adds Calender & Doc Gadgets To Gmail

Gmail Labs has been a really fun way to easily try out new ideas and get some of our pet feature requests implemented quickly. We wanted to take this to the next level and let you start adding your own stuff to Gmail. Today we're launching a few Labs experiments that let you add gadgets to the left-nav, next to Chat and Labels.

To get you started, we've worked with the engineers from the Calendar and Docs teams on two highly requested features: a simple way to see your Google Calendar agenda and get an alert when you have a meeting, and a gadget that shows a list of your recently accessed Google Docs and lets you search across all of your documents right from within Gmail.

There's a third Lab that allows you to add any gadget by pasting in the URL of its XML spec file (e.g. http://www.google.com/ig/modules/youtube_videos.xml). We realize this isn't very user friendly right now; it's a sandbox mainly aimed at developers who want to play around with gadgets in Gmail. We're not tied to the left-nav as a primary way to extend Gmail -- in fact we think it is relatively limited and doesn't offer scalable real estate. There are also some downsides to the iframe-style Gadgets we're using today -- they can sometimes slow down the page. We're fanatical about speed, so we'll be keeping a close eye on performance.

This is also a chance for us to test the developer infrastructure involved. We're using common gadget infrastructure, such as the Apache Shindig project, and working with other gadget containers to make gadgets more portable.

We're looking forward to your comments in the Labs forum, so send us your ideas, let us know how you like the Calendar and Docs gadgets, and if you've written a gadget that you think works well in Gmail, post it and let us and other users try it out.

A couple of notes:
(1) Try out Anatol's Navbar drag and drop Labs feature so you can easily re-order all the boxes on Gmail's left hand side.
(2) Not all gadgets are fully compatible with https, so if you're connecting to Gmail via https, you may see mixed content warnings caused by parts of the gadgets being served over http. We're working on fixing this where we can.

Read More......

Thursday 30 October 2008

HOW TO REPAIR MISSING ISNTLDR

Every once in a while I note, in the forums where I participate, series of questions that appear over and over again. So is the case with the “NTDR is missing” when the user attempts to boot their system. Below are some ways to fix or repair the problem so your system should boot up properly.

1. This is the first thing to look at. Is your system trying to boot from a CD or floppy disk that is non-bootable? Remove the CD or floppy and try again.
2. Have you added a new hard disk with another copy of Windows installed on the new disk? Have you confirmed that the drives are set properly as Master and Slave?
3. If steps 1 and 2 do not apply,then it is time to pull out the big guns. Follow steps 4 through 10.
4. Insert the Windows XP bootable CD into the computer.
5. When prompted to press any key to boot from the CD, press any key.
6. Once in the Windows XP setup menu, press the “R” key to repair Windows.
7. Log into your Windows installation by pressing the “1″ key and pressing enter.
8. You will then be prompted for your administrator password; enter that password.
9. Copy the below two files to the root directory of the primary hard disk. In the below example we are copying these files from the CD-ROM drive letter “E.” This letter may be different on your computer.
copy e:\i386\ntldr c:\
copy e:\i386\ntdetect.com c:\
10. Once both of these files have been successfully copied, remove the CD from the computer and reboot.

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Tuesday 24 June 2008

Ferrari 1000 and 5000 notebooks win Japan Good Design Awards


Acer's newest Formula One racing-inspired notebooks, Ferrari 1000 and Ferrari 5000 series, are winners of the 2006/7 Good Design Award accredited by the Japan Industrial Design Promotion Organization. The Good Design Award is among the world's most famous historical design awards, and since 1957, has served to identify excellent design products that promote the quality of life via the power of design.

The list of meticulous criteria judged by the Good Design Award jury includes whether the product is aesthetically superior, designed with safety in mind, shows a high level of solving the problems facing the user, presents new modes of behavior or manners, makes skillful use of new technology and materials, and puts the principles of ecology design into practice.

Celebrating the victorious partnership of Acer and Ferrari, the Ferrari 5000 and 1000 notebook series communicate a unique, state-of-the-art design treatment and racecar design elements, with emphasis on high speed and performance. The light weight and highly resilient carbon-fiber casing conceals AMD Turion™ 64 X2 Mobile Technology and the latest in multimedia technology: high definition audio and video experience.

One-click Acer Video Conference enhances notebook VoIP capability by integrating real-time video and voice over the Internet to create a highly mobile and flexible working environment. Acer Orbicam™ camera -- a 1.3-megapixel web camera mounted at the top of the LCD panel with 225-degree ergonomic rotation along with Acer PrimaLite technology and VisageOn -- permits high quality visual capture on both sides of the screen without turning the notebook. Moreover, the handy Acer Bluetooth® VoIP phone allows communication - handheld or hand-free. Echo cancellation and noise suppression technology ensure crystal-clear sound, while Acer Voice Connection Manager instantly switches audio from notebook to VoIP phone.

Ferrari 5000 series is equipped to be the technology leader in the 15.4" desktop replacement segment, offering a generous HDD (up to 160 GB) and choice between a slot-loading DVD-Super Multi double-layer drive and the last generation HD-DVD drive. Fluid lines and unique material choice do not sacrifice on ergonomics. On the cover, the carbon fiber pattern resembles the winning checkered flag, and unique gradient paintwork symbolizes the blazing race trail.

Ferrari 1000 series reinforces the Ferrari car elements with metal touchpad buttons, LED luminescence, and the overall rugged and athletic fee. It's ideal for those image-sensitive professional users who desire compactness and vanguard performance. The 12.1" Acer CrystalBrite™ widescreen display presents stunning visuals. Weighing 1.6 kg, the Ferrari 1000 series expresses superlative performance and seamless wireless and wired communication - anytime, anywhere.
For further details and product availability, please contact your nearest Acer branch office. Acer contact details may be found on www.acer.com.
Acer ranks as the world's No. 4 branded PC vendor, designing easy, dependable IT solutions that empower people to reach their goals and enhance their lives. Since spinning-off its manufacturing operation, Acer has focused on globally marketing its brand-name products: mobile and desktop PCs, servers and storage, LCD monitors and high-definition TVs, and handheld/navigational devices. Acer's unique Channel Business Model is instrumental to the company's continued success. The model encourages partners and suppliers to collaborate in a winning formula of supply-chain management, allowing Acer to provide customers with fresh technologies, competitive pricing, and quality service. Established in 1976, Acer Inc. employs 5,300 people supporting dealers and distributors in more than 100 countries. Estimated revenue for 2006 is US$11.31 billion. Please visit www.acer.com.

© 2006 Acer Inc. All rights reserved. Acer and the Acer logo are registered trademarks of Acer Inc. Other trademarks, registered trademarks, and/or service marks, indicated or otherwise, are the property of their respective owners.
Product under license of Ferrari Spa. Ferrari, the PRANCING HORSE device, all associated logos distinctive designs are trademarks of Ferrari Spa.

Read More......


AIPEI, TAIWAN (25 January, 2007) -- Acer's newest Formula One racing-inspired notebooks, Ferrari 1000 and Ferrari 5000 series, are winners of the 2006/7 Good Design Award accredited by the Japan Industrial Design Promotion Organization. The Good Design Award is among the world's most famous historical design awards, and since 1957, has served to identify excellent design products that promote the quality of life via the power of design.



The list of meticulous criteria judged by the Good Design Award jury includes whether the product is aesthetically superior, designed with safety in mind, shows a high level of solving the problems facing the user, presents new modes of behavior or manners, makes skillful use of new technology and materials, and puts the principles of ecology design into practice.

Celebrating the victorious partnership of Acer and Ferrari, the Ferrari 5000 and 1000 notebook series communicate a unique, state-of-the-art design treatment and racecar design elements, with emphasis on high speed and performance. The light weight and highly resilient carbon-fiber casing conceals AMD Turion™ 64 X2 Mobile Technology and the latest in multimedia technology: high definition audio and video experience.

One-click Acer Video Conference enhances notebook VoIP capability by integrating real-time video and voice over the Internet to create a highly mobile and flexible working environment. Acer Orbicam™ camera -- a 1.3-megapixel web camera mounted at the top of the LCD panel with 225-degree ergonomic rotation along with Acer PrimaLite technology and VisageOn -- permits high quality visual capture on both sides of the screen without turning the notebook. Moreover, the handy Acer Bluetooth® VoIP phone allows communication - handheld or hand-free. Echo cancellation and noise suppression technology ensure crystal-clear sound, while Acer Voice Connection Manager instantly switches audio from notebook to VoIP phone.

Ferrari 5000 series is equipped to be the technology leader in the 15.4" desktop replacement segment, offering a generous HDD (up to 160 GB) and choice between a slot-loading DVD-Super Multi double-layer drive and the last generation HD-DVD drive. Fluid lines and unique material choice do not sacrifice on ergonomics. On the cover, the carbon fiber pattern resembles the winning checkered flag, and unique gradient paintwork symbolizes the blazing race trail.

Ferrari 1000 series reinforces the Ferrari car elements with metal touchpad buttons, LED luminescence, and the overall rugged and athletic fee. It's ideal for those image-sensitive professional users who desire compactness and vanguard performance. The 12.1" Acer CrystalBrite™ widescreen display presents stunning visuals. Weighing 1.6 kg, the Ferrari 1000 series expresses superlative performance and seamless wireless and wired communication - anytime, anywhere.
For further details and product availability, please contact your nearest Acer branch office. Acer contact details may be found on www.acer.com.
Acer ranks as the world's No. 4 branded PC vendor, designing easy, dependable IT solutions that empower people to reach their goals and enhance their lives. Since spinning-off its manufacturing operation, Acer has focused on globally marketing its brand-name products: mobile and desktop PCs, servers and storage, LCD monitors and high-definition TVs, and handheld/navigational devices. Acer's unique Channel Business Model is instrumental to the company's continued success. The model encourages partners and suppliers to collaborate in a winning formula of supply-chain management, allowing Acer to provide customers with fresh technologies, competitive pricing, and quality service. Established in 1976, Acer Inc. employs 5,300 people supporting dealers and distributors in more than 100 countries. Estimated revenue for 2006 is US$11.31 billion. Please visit www.acer.com.

© 2006 Acer Inc. All rights reserved. Acer and the Acer logo are registered trademarks of Acer Inc. Other trademarks, registered trademarks, and/or service marks, indicated or otherwise, are the property of their respective owners.
Product under license of Ferrari Spa. Ferrari, the PRANCING HORSE device, all associated logos distinctive designs are trademarks of Ferrari Spa.

Read More......

MSI Notebook Selected AMD's Latest PUMA Mobility Platform


MSI Notebook has always been at the very apex of technology. In order to provide our consumers with a brand new experience in mobility, we have decided that many of our models will be equipped with the advanced AMD Puma Mobility Platform newly introduced just on June 4th. These models include the GX630、GT735, PX211,PX210,PR311,EX300, EX630, and others. Enhancing better performance as well as audio and visual effects for the total enjoyment.

Puma is the very first platform designed by AMD especially for notebook computers; it has selected the latest AMD Turion X2 Ultra as its processor. Also equipped with the newest key technologies such as the RX780 mobile chip and wireless transfer, the platform is stable, effective, and efficient in energy-saving.

MSI Notebook will be releasing more models incorporated with Puma mobility platform, because of its abilities in battery span, graphic design, image editing, and other advance features. Elevating the entire operating system for a near perfect visual experience.

Upgrade in Energy-Saving and Performance! The Perfect Combination for MSI Notebook and Puma
Puma Mobility Platform and Turion X2 Ultra as its processor can prolong battery span as well as bettering the overall performance, strengthening the complete package. MSI Notebook has the very latest in green technology, along with the energy-saving framework of Puma. Making us the very best in energy-saving for all notebooks.

The latest Gaming Series will all be supported by MSI Notebook's exclusive 「Duo-Turbo」 technology. Using 「Turbo Drive Engine」 to maximize speed so our gamers may enjoy the ultimate thrills, and adjusting to different modes according to the circumstances of operation through our 「Turbo Battery」technology to prolong the battery while lowering the fan noise.

MSI Notebook's 「Turbo Drive Engine」 and 「Turbo Battery」 is the simplistic combination of our 「Turbo」 and 「ECO」button functions. Accompanied by our cool blue racecar dashboard so our users may easily achieve the needs in both speed and energy-saving.

Realistic Visual Experience
The Puma Mobility Platform with Turion X2 Ultra Processor adapted by the RX780 Mobile chip can improve the overall visual experience and operating functions, also supports HDMI and other interfaces for multiple screen features.

The soon to be released Gaming Series will be equipped with the newest and the highest regulation independent graphic card. Furthermore, MSI Notebook even took the extra step and embedded a 3D graphic card for an upgrade in speed. The viewing experience will be more fluid, detailed, and realistic. The Gaming Series selected the HDMI digital interface for a 5Gb/s performance, also providing the very best in visual effects so the images can be as realistic as possible!

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MSI "P45 Diamond Mainboard" & "GX620 Notebook"


[Taipei, Taiwan] The 2008 COMPUTEX TAIPEI which goes from June 3rd to the 7th has been launched. This is the first time the Nangang Exhibition Hall has been selected to correspond the display with the Hsin-Yi Exhibition Hall. There are 1725 business participants, 4492 stands, which is a 53% increase from 2007. According to the estimation of the sponsors, there will be over 35 thousand international purchasers at the expo, which is another record breaking accomplishment. MSI Notebook is certainly ready with a 33% growth in presentation upholding the growing popularity around the world.

Standing our from 184 companies and 550 products, MSI newest two items of top products "P45 Diamond mainboard" and "GX620 Notebook" have won the "Best Choice of COMPUTEX TAIPEI 2008". President Ma Ying-Jeou presented this highest honor to President Mr. Hsu of MSI. In addition, MSI has defeated a number of brand competitors with its GX620 notebook and won the Best Enterprise of COMPUTEX Taipei 2008 which has gained the best affirmation and judges' support, making MSI the top brand available in the market today.

MSI P45 Diamond is the best representative product in the effectiveness and the features of all work of MSI's R&D. P45 Diamond mainboard is also equipped with the server-class DrMOS chip, Circu-Pipe Liquid water cooling system and many unique overclocking features on innovation technologies, it is both energy saving and the most outstanding mainboard product. In addition, the GX620 is a multimedia notebook with the most advanced ergonomic design. Establishing a sense of fashion and professionalism through the sharp black and red color contrast with a sleek and clean exterior. The 「Duo-Turbo」provides high performance as well as energy-saving capability It is also equipped with high-standard independent graphic card and Dolby surround sound system to provide the best visual and audio experience. Mr. Vincent Lai, MSI global marketing director, proudly states: "Our innovation lies in our effort to achieve any consumer demand and future demand. Continuous research and development, testing and improvement to maintain the highest quality products. Now that we have achieved the Best Choice of COMPUTEX TAIPEI awards, all the efforts are worth it. We strive to provide users to enjoy the best products as much as possible."

Recently, MSI is promoting the product that has attained the consistent affirmation from domestic and foreign which will be available internationally. MSI is the one and only winner of the "Best Choice of the Year - Overseas Enterprise" which affirms that MSI only offers the highest quality with excellent R&D team and highlights the MSI brand in the global market.

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N280GTX and N260GTX series graphics card


MSI, Taipei, Taiwan - MSI, a leading manufacturer of computer products, proudly unveils its latest N200 series graphics card. Utilizing the highest built-in multi-cores enhanced graphics processors in the history, N280GTX-T2D1G has 240 processor cores with 1GB graphics memory and N260GTX-T2D896 has 192 processor cores and 896MB graphics memory. Beyond the field of play, the MSI N200GTX series seamlessly shifts intense processing tasks from the CPU to the GPU, like transcoding video to a personal video player which is 7x faster than the CPU.

Prior generation GPUs have delivered real‐time images that appear true‐to‐life, but this illusion quickly fades when animation and physical effects are introduced or complex scenery and multiple characters enter the scene, bringing frame rates screeching to a halt. With the power of the MSI N280GTX and N260GTX's second generation unified architecture and NVIDIA®’s new GPU PhysX™ technology, gamer surely get pulled deeper into the gaming experience than ever before.

2nd Generation NVIDIA® Unified Architecture
Second generation NVIDIA® Unified architecture delivers 50% more gaming performance over the first generation through 240 enhanced processor cores that provide incredible shading horsepower. Take your DirectX 10 gaming beyond HD with the power of MSI N280GTX and N260GTX series graphics card. Place yourself in the center of the action and experience true DirectX 10 gaming cinema in extreme HD (2560x1600) resolutions - all enabled by GeForce® GTX 200 GPUs' second generation unified architecture, NVIDIA® SLI® technology, and top notch DirectX 10 support. With 50% more performance than prior generation GPUs, MSI N280GTX and N260GTX series graphics card tear through complex DirectX 10 environments and cinematic effects at blazing frame rates reaching far beyond the resolution of HD.


NVIDIA® PhysX™ Ready
MSI N280GTX and N260GTX series support for NVIDIA® PhysX technology enables a totally new class of physical gaming interaction for a more dynamic and realistic experience. With the power of the GeForce® GTX 200 GPUs' second generation unified architecture and NVIDIA®’s new GPU PhysX™ technology, you can experience convincing facial animation, multiple ultra‐high polygon characters in complex environments, and fully simulated physical effects such as weather and explosions that deliver a truly immersive and dynamic 3D gaming experience. With MSI N280GTX and N260GTX series, you can bring your 3D games to life.

3‐way NVIDIA® SLI® and CUDA™ Technology
Industry leading 3‐way NVIDIA® SLI™ technology offers amazing performance scaling by implementing 3‐way AFR (Alternate Frame Rendering) for the world's fastest gaming solution under Windows Vista with solid, state‐of‐the‐art drivers. CUDA technology unlocks the power of the GPU's processor cores to accelerate the most demanding system tasks - such as video transcoding - delivering up to 7X performance over traditional CPUs.

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Wednesday 18 June 2008

Sekilas Tentang Registry

Kecanggihan dan kemudahan yang dimiliki oleh OS Windows, adalah memiliki sistem database informasi yang tersusun mengenai konfigurasi perangkat keras, perangkat lunak dan user pemakai .. nah selama ini kita biasanya hanya sebagai pengguna saja .. tahunya asal pakai dan jalan , kadang kita pengen seeh ngoprak-ngaprek tapi intinya takut Error .. untuk itu agar tidak Gaptek lagi .. ya minimal tahu lah … maka berikut ini ada artikel yang sangat bagus yang membahas mengenai hal tersebut .. dan mudah-mudahan bermanfaat …
Apa Itu Registry?

Menurut kamus Microsoft edisi ke 5, registry adalah:

Pusat susunan database yang digunakan oleh Windows 9x keatas untuk menyimpan informasi yang digunakan untuk mengkonfigurasi satu atau lebih pengguna, aplikasi, dan perangkat keras.

Informasi dari registry diakses terus oleh Windows untuk mengetahui profil pengguna, aplikasi yang di install di komputer dan dokumen apa yang bisa dibuat oleh aplikasi tersebut, setting dari folder dan icon, perangkat lunak yang dipasang, dan port yang sedang dipakai.

Registry menggantikan hampir semua .ini file yang digunakan oleh konfigurasi Windows 3.x dan MS-DOS, seperti autoexec.bat dan config.sys. Meskipun registry ini seragam di Windows, tapi tiap versi mempunyai perbedaan sendiri.

Apa yang kita peroleh dengan merubah registry? Yang ketahuan kita tidak akan merubah setting untuk hardware. Jadi kita lebih memusatkan untuk merubah cara kerja aplikasi tertentu atau merubah efek visual atau icon.

Susunan Registry

Registry disusun seperti file folder dan subfolder seperti di Windows Explorer. Bedanya folder ini tidak berisi file tetapi pasangan “kunci-tipe-nilai”, seperti: (kunci)SkypePath (tipe)REG_SZ (nilai)C:\Program Files\Skype\Phone\Skype.exe.

Folder: HKEY_CURRENT_USER
Berisi konfigurasi untuk pengguna yang sedang login. Folder, warna screen, dan setting Control Panel juga disimpan disini. Kunci untuk HKEY_CURRENT_USER sering disingkat “HKCU.”

Folder: HKEY_USERS
Berisi profil semua pengguna yang mempunyai akun di sistem. HKEY_CURRENT_USER adalah bagian dari HKEY_USERS. HKEY_USERS sering disingkat “HKU.”

Folder: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
Berisi konfigurai perangkat lunak dan keras (untuk semua pengguna). Singkat: HKLM.

Folder: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
Disingkat HKCR, adalah bagian dari HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software. Informasi disini digunakan untuk meluncurkan aplikasi yang benar jika anda mengklik file di Windows Explorer. Mulai dengan Windows 2000, informasi ini disimpan baik di HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE dan juga di HKEY_CURRENT_USER.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Classes berisi setting default untuk semua pengguna di lokal komputer. HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes berisi setting yang meng-override setting default untuk pengguna yang sedang aktif. HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT menggabung informasi dari kedua sumber ini (HKLM dan HCU).

Untuk merubah setting untuk pengguna yang sedang aktif, perubahan harus melalui HKCU\Software\Classes (bukan HKCR). Untuk merubah setting default harus melalui HKLM\Software\Classes. Jika anda menulis kunci dibawah HKCR, sistem akan menyimpan informasi ini di HKLM\Software\Classes. Jika anda menulis nilai dari kunci dibawah HKCR, dan kunci tersebut sudah ada dibawah HKCU\Software\Classes, sistem akan menyimpan informasi ini disini (daripada di HKLM\Software\Classes).

Folder: HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
Berisi informasi tentang profil hardware yang digunakan oleh lokal komputer pada saat start. Singkatan: HKCC.

Wuih. . . sudah punyeng belum? Memang mula-mula semua ini kelihatan terlalu rumit. Tapi kita kan sekarang lagi menjelajahi domain yang baru. Bentar lagi kalian jadi ahli registry. Atau kalau mau jalan singkat coba alternatif.

Persiapan

Sebelum merubah registry, sangat dianjurkan untuk membuat back up. Kesalahan merubah registry bisa mengakibatkan Windows untuk berhenti bekerja atau problem dengan hardware. Belajar mengganti registry yang gampang dulu. Setelah tidak kagok baru mencoba yang lebih canggih.

Untuk mem-backup registry, gunakan Registry Editor lalu ke menu File → Export…

Registry Editor

Registry editor (regedit.exe) sudah ada di Windows. Untuk menjalankan:

1. Klik Start
2. Pilih dan klik Run…
3. Ketik: regedit dan klik OK.

Di aplikasi ini ada dua bagan. Bagan kiri terlihat susunan folder seperti Windows Explorer dan disebelah kanan berisi kunci-tipe-nilai. Di bagan kanan, dengan menggunakan klik-kanan, kita bisa menambah kunci baru, merubah nama kunci, tipe, atau nilai, juga menghapus kunci.

Otak-Atik

Merubah registrasi nama dan organisasi:
Jika salah memasukkan nama registrasi waktu menginstall Windows, kita bisa merubah informasi tersebut, termasuk juga ProductID dan ProductName.
Folder [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion]
RegisteredOwner (nama pemilik)
RegisteredOrganization (nama organisasi)

Menghindari file yang dihapus masuk ke Recycle Bin:
Setiap kali kita menghapus file, file tersebut akan masuk ke Recycle Bin (tempat sampah). Selama file tadi masih di Recycle Bin, kita bisa mengambil balik (undelete). Ada orang yang sangat konfiden (percaya diri sendiri) bahwa dia tidak memerlukan Recycle Bin, nah trik ini untuk dia. Kunci ini tidak ada sebelumnya, jadi harus dibuat baru dengan klik-kanan (New, DWORD Value).
Folder [HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\
Explorer]
Name NoRecycleFiles
Type REG_DWORD (DWORD Value)
Data 1 (tidak masuk Recycle Bin)
Catatan Buat baru, setelah itu harus logoff supaya bisa dicoba. Untuk batal, tinggal hapus kunci ini.

Untuk contoh yang lebih banyak bisa cek: PC Tools Software

Alternatif Lain

Merubah setting untuk Windows tidak hanya dengan mengganti registry. Microsoft mengeluarkan PowerToys untuk mempermudah prosesnya. Salah satu aplikasi dari PowerToys adalah TweakUI untuk mengganti default user interface, termasuk setting untuk mouse, Explorer, taskbar, dll.

Ada kalanya registry berisi kunci yang tidak terpakai peninggalan dari aplikasi yang telah di uninstall atau dari sumber lain. Kunci-kunci yang tidak terpakai ini memakan tempat dan memperlambat sistem. Banyak aplikasi untuk membersihkan registry, salah satunya adalah CCleaner, selain gratis, CCleaner juga mendapat rating yang cukup bagus dari C/Net.

Sumber :dedenthea.wordpress.com

Read More......

Sekila Tentang TCP/IP

Istilah TCP/IP sudah tidak aneh lagi di telinga kita, atau mungkin bisa dikatakan bagi pengguna internet istilah tersebut sudah merupakan hal yang biasa, dan bukan sesuatu yang aneh. Tapi ketika suatu saat ada yang menanyakan apa Itu TCP/IP .. emm mungkin bagi yang mendalami pendidikan informatika sudah pasti bisa menjelaskannya .. nah bagaimana untuk orang awal atau sebagai pengguna saja .. ketika di tanya oleh Anaknya yang ngotak-ngatik komputer .. biar ngak gaptek nih .. nah ada artikel menarik mengenai konsep dasar TCP/IP .. mudah-mudahan setelah membaca artikel ini dapat menambah pengetahuan di bidang teknologi informasi … selamat membaca
Konsep Dasar TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)

TCP/IP merupakan dasar dari segalanya, tanpa mempelajari TCP/PI kemungkinan kita tidak dapat melakah maju di dunia pehackingan. Dengan kata lain, TCP/IP merupakan awal dari segalanya. Banyak orang yg menyepelekan pentingnya mempelajari TCP/IP, mereka mengaku dirinya “hacker” tetapi tidak mengerti sama sekali apa itu TCP/IP. Merasa hacker hanya apabila bisa mencrash ataupun menjebol server, tetapi sebetulnya bukan itulah maksud dari segala itu. Hacker itu adalah orang yg haus akan pengetahuan, bukan haus akan penghancuran. Untuk menjadi hacker dibutuhkan kerja keras, semangat, motivasi yg tinggi serta pemahaman seluk-beluk internet itu sendiri, tanpa hal-hal tersebut mustahil anda dapat menjadi seorang hacker yang tangguh.


Tulisan ini didedikasikan terutama untuk member Kecoak Elektronik dan siapa saja yang ingin mempelajari TCP/IP, bukan untuk mereka yang hanya ingin mencari jalan pintas menjadi hacker sejati. Bagi anda yg memang udah profhacking mungkin tulisan ini tidak penting, karena memang tulisan ini hanyalah pengantar belaka dan bukan merupakan referensi yg sempurna (dan jauh dari sempurna) oleh karenanya hanya dikhususkan bagi mereka yg pendatang baru (newbies).

1. Apa itu TCP/IP ?

TCP/IP adalah salah satu jenis protokol* yg memungkinkan kumpulan komputer untuk berkomunikasi dan bertukar data didalam suatu network (jaringan). Merupakan himpunan aturan yg memungkinkan komputer untuk berhubungan antara satu dengan yg lain, biasanya berupa bentuk / waktu / barisan / pemeriksaan error saat transmisi data.

2. Apa yg membuat TCP/IP menjadi penting ?

Karena TCP/IP merupakan protokol yg telah diterapkan pada hampir semua perangkat keras dan sistem operasi. Tidak ada rangkaian protokol lain yg tersedia pada semua sistem berikut ini :

Novel Netware, Mainframe IBM, Sistem digital VMS, Server Microsoft Windows NT, Workstation UNIX, LinuX, FreeBSD, Personal komputer DOS.

3. Layanan apa saja yg diberikan oleh TCP/IP ?

Berikut ini adalah layanan “tradisional” yg dilakukan TCP/IP :

a. Pengiriman file (file transfer). File Transfer Protokol (FTP) memungkinkan pengguna komputer yg satu untuk dapat mengirim ataupun menerima file ke komputer jaringan. Karena masalah keamanan data, maka FTP seringkali memerlukan nama pengguna (user name) dan password, meskipun banyak juga FTP yg dapat diakses melalui anonymous, alias tidak berpassword. (lihat RFC 959 untuk spesifikasi FTP)

b. Remote login. Network terminal Protokol (telnet) memungkinkan pengguna komputer dapat melakukan log in ke dalam suatu komputer didalam suatu jaringan. Jadi hal ini berarti bahwa pengguna menggunakan komputernya sebagai perpanjangan tangan dari komputer jaringan tersebut.( lihat RFC 854 dan 855 untuk spesifikasi telnet lebih lanjut)

c. Computer mail. Digunakan untuk menerapkan sistem elektronik mail. (lihat RFC 821 dan 822)

d. Network File System (NFS). Pelayanan akses file-file jarak jauh yg memungkinkan klien-klien untuk mengakses file-file pada komputer jaringan jarak jauh walaupun file tersebut disimpan secara lokal. (lihat RFC 1001 dan 1002 untuk keterangan lebih lanjut)

e. remote execution. Memungkinkan pengguna komputer untuk menjalankan suatu program didalam komputer yg berbeda. Biasanya berguna jika pengguna menggunakan komputer yg terbatas, sedangkan ia memerlukan sumber yg banyak dalam suatu system komputer. Ada beberapa jenis remote execution, ada yg berupa perintah-perintah dasar saja, yaitu yg dapat dijalankan dalam system komputer yg sama dan ada pula yg menggunakan “prosedure remote call system”, yg memungkinkan program untuk memanggil subroutine yg akan dijalankan di system komputer yg berbeda. (sebagai contoh dalam Berkeley UNIX ada perintah “rsh” dan “rexec”)

f. name servers. Nama database alamat yg digunakan pada internet (lihat RFC 822 dan 823 yg menjelaskan mengenai penggunaan protokol name server yg bertujuan untuk menentukan nama host di internet.) RFC (Request For Comments) adalah merupakan standar yg digunakan dalam internet, meskipun ada juga isinya yg merupakan bahan diskusi ataupun omong kosong belaka. Diterbitkan oleh IAB (Internet Activities Board) yg merupakan komite independen para peneliti dan profesional yg mengerti teknis, kondisi dan evolusi sistem internet. Sebuah surat yg mengikuti nomor RFC menunjukan status RFC :

S: standard, standar resmi bagi internet

DS: Draft standard, protokol tahap akhir sebelum disetujui sebagai standar

PS: Proposed Standard, protokol pertimbangan untuk standar masa depan

I: Informational, berisikan bahan-bahan diskusi yg sifatnya informasi

E: Experimental, protokol dalam tahap percobaan tetapi bukan pada jalur standar.

H: Historic, protokol-protokol yg telah digantikan atau tidak lagi dipertimbankan utk standarisasi.

5. Bagaimanakah bentuk arsitektur dari TCP/IP itu ?

Dikarenakan TCP/IP adalah serangkaian protokol di mana setiap protokol melakukan sebagian dari keseluruhan tugas komunikasi jaringan, maka tentulah implementasinya tak lepas dari arsitektur jaringan itu sendiri. Arsitektur rangkaian protokol TCP/IP mendifinisikan berbagai cara agar TCP/IP dapat saling menyesuaikan.

Karena TCP/IP merupakan salah satu lapisan protokol OSI * (Open System Interconnections), berarti bahwa hierarki TCP/IP merujuk kepada 7 lapisan OSI tersebut. Tiga lapisan teratas biasa dikenal sebagai “upper lever protocol” sedangkan empat lapisan terbawah dikenal sebagai “lower level protocol”. Tiap lapisan berdiri sendiri tetapi fungsi dari masing-masing lapisan bergantung dari keberhasilan operasi layer sebelumnya. Sebuah lapisan pengirim hanya perlu berhubungan dengan lapisan yang sama di penerima (jadi misalnya lapisan data link penerima hanya berhubungan dengan data link pengirim) selain dengan satu layer di atas atau dibawahnya (misalnya lapisan network berhubungan dengan lapisan transport diatasnya atau dengan lapisan data link dibawahnya).

Model dengan menggunakan lapisan ini merupakan sebuah konsep yg penting karena suatu fungsi yg rumit yg berkaitan dengan komunikasi dapat dipecahkan menjadi sejumlah unit yg lebih kecil. Tiap lapisan bertugas memberikan layanan tertentu pada lapisan diatasnya dan juga melindungi lapisan diatasnya dari rincian cara pemberian layanan tersebut. Tiap lapisan harus transparan sehingga modifikasi yg dilakukan atasnya tidak akan menyebabkan perubahan pada lapisan yang lain. Lapisan menjalankan perannya dalam pengalihan data dengan mengikuti peraturan yang berlaku untuknya dan hanya berkomunikasi dengan lapisan yang setingkat. Akibatnya sebuah layer pada satu sistem tertentu hanya akan berhubungan dengan lapisan yang sama dari sistem yang lain. Proses ini dikenal sebagai “Peer process”. Dalam keadaan sebenarnya tidak ada data yang langsung dialihkan antar lapisan yang sama dari dua sistem yang berbeda ini. Lapisan atas akan memberikan data dan kendali ke lapisan dibawahnya sampai lapisan yang terendah dicapai. Antara dua lapisan yang berdekatan terdapat “interface” (antarmuka). Interface ini mendifinisikan operasi dan layanan yang diberikan olehnya ke lapisan lebih atas. Tiap lapisan harus melaksanakan sekumpulan fungsi khusus yang dipahami dengan sempurna. Himpunan lapisan dan protokol dikenal sebagai “arsitektur jaringan”.

Pengendalian komunikasi dalam bentuk lapisan menambah overhead karena tiap lapisan berkomunikasi dengan lawannya melalui “header”. Walaupun rumit tetapi fungsi tiap lapisan dapat dibuat dalam bentuk modul sehingga kerumitan dapat ditanggulangi dengan mudah. Disini kita tidak akan membahas model OSI secara mendalam secara keseluruhannya, karena protokol TCP/IP tidak mengikuti benar model referensi OSI tersebut.Sekarang mari kita bahas keempat lapisan tersebut.

a. Network Access

Lapisan ini hanya menggambarkan bagaimana data dikodekan menjadi sinyal- sinyal dan karakteristik antarmuka tambahan media.

b. Internet layer/ network layer

Untuk mengirimkan pesan pada suatu internetwork (suatu jaringan yang mengandung beberapa segmen jaringan), tiap jaringan harus secara unik diidentifikasi oleh alamat jaringan. Ketika jaringan menerima suatu pesan dari lapisan yang lebih atas, lapisan network akan menambahkan header pada pesan yang termasuk alamat asal dan tujuan jaringan. Kombinasi dari data dan lapisan network disebut “paket”. Informasi alamat jaringan digunakan untuk mengirimkan pesan ke jaringan yang benar, setelah pesan tersebut sampai pada jaringan yg benar, lapisan data link dapat menggunakan alamat node untuk mengirimkan pesan ke node tertentu. meneruskan paket ke jaringan yang benar disebut “routing” dan peralatan yang meneruskan paket adalah “routers”. Suatu antar jaringan mempunyai dua tipe node :

“End nodes”, menyediakan pelayanan kepada pemakai. End nodes menggunakan lapisan network utk menambah informasi alamat jaringan kepada paket, tetapi tidak melakukan routing. End nodes kadang-kadang disebut “end system” (istilah OSI) atau “host” (istilah TCP/IP) Router memasukan mekanisme khusus untuk melakukan routing. Karena routing merupakan tugas yg kompleks, router biasanya merupakan peralatan tersendiri yg tidak menyediakan pelayanan kepada pengguna akhir.

Router kadang-kadang disebut “intermediate system” (istilah OSI) atau “gateway” (istilah TCP/IP). lain itu juga lapisan ini bertanggung jawab untuk pengiriman data melalui antar jaringan. Protokol lapisan intenet yang utama adalah internet protokol, IP (RFC 791, lihat juga RFC 919, 922,950). IP menggunakan protokol-protokol lain untuk tugas-tugas khusus internet. ICMP(dibahas nanti) digunakan untuk mengirimkan pesan-pesan ke lapisan host ke host. Adapun fungsi IP :

1.

Pengalamatan
2.

Fragmentasi datagram pada antar jaringan
3.

Pengiriman datagram pada antar jaringan
4.

Transport layer /host to host

Salah satu tanggung jawab lapisan transport adalah membagi pesan-pesan menjadi fragment-fragment yang cocok dengan pembatasan ukuran yg dibentuk oleh jaringan. Pada sisi penerima, lapisan transport menggabungkan kembali fragment untuk mengembalikan pesan aslinya, sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa lapisan transport memerlukan proses khusus pada satu komputer ke proses yg bersesuaian pada komputer tujuan. Hal ini dikenal sebagai Service Access Point (SAP) ID kepada setiap paket (berlaku pada model OSI, istilah TCP/IP untuk SAP ini disebut port *).

Mengenali pesan-pesan dari beberapa proses sedemikian rupa sehingga pesan tersebut dikirimkan melalui media jaringan yg sama disebut “multiplexing”. Prosedur mengembalikan pesan dan mengarahkannya pada proses yg benar disebut “demultiplexing”. Tanggung javab lapisan transport yg paling berat dalam hal pengiriman pesan adalah mendeteksi kesalahan dalam pengiriman data tersebut. Ada dua kategori umum deteksi kesalahan dapat dilakukan oleh lapisan transport :

a. Reliable delivery, berarti kesalahan tidak dapat terjadi, tetapi kesalahan akan dideteksi jika terjadi. Pemulihan kesalahan dilakukan dengan jalan memberitahukan lapisan atas bahwa kesalahan telah terjadi dan meminta pengirimna kembali paket yg kesalahannya terdeteksi.

b. Unreliable delivery, bukan berarti kesalahan mungkin terjadi, tetapi menunjukkan bahwa lapisan transport tidak memeriksa kesalahantersebut. Karena pemeriksaan kesalahan memerlukan waktu dan mengurangi penampilan jaringan. Biasanya kategori ini digunakan jika setiap paket mengandung pesan yg lengkap, sedangkan reliable delivery, jika mengandung banyak paket. Unreliable delivery, sering disebut “datagram delivery” dan paket-paket bebas yg dikerimkan dengan cara ini sering disebut “datagram”.

Karena proses lapisan atas (application layer) memiliki kebutuhan yg bervariasi, terdapat dua protokol lapisan transport /host to host, TCP dan UDP. TCP adalah protokol yg handal. Protokol ini berusaha secara seksama untuk mengirimkan data ke tujuan, memeriksa kesalahan, mengirimkan data ulang bila diperlukan dan mengirimkan error ke lapisan ats hanya bila TCP tidak berhasil mengadakan komunikasi (dibahas nanti). Tetapi perlu dicatat bahwa kehandalan TCP tercapai dengan mengorbankan bandwidth jaringan yg besar.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) disisi lain adalah protokol yg tidak handal. Protokol ini hanya “semampunya” saja mengirimkan data. UDP tidak akan berusaha untuk mengembalikan datagram yg hilang dan proses pada lapisan atas harus bertanggung jawab untuk mendeteksi data yg hilang atau rusak dan mengirimkan ulang data tersebut bila dibutuhkan.

c. Application layer, Lapisan inilah biasa disebut lapisan akhir (front end) atau bisa disebut user program. Lapisan inilah yg menjadi alasan keberadaan lapisan sebelumnya. Lapisan sebelumnya hanya bertugas mengirimkan pesan yg ditujukan utk lapisan ini. Di lapisan ini dapat ditemukan program yg menyediakan pelayanan jaringan, seperti mail server (email program), file transfer server (FTP program), remote terminal.

Token Ring merupakan teknologi LAN data link yg didefinisikan oleh IEEE802.4 dimana sistem dihubungkan satu sama lain dengan menggunakan segmen kabel twisted-pair point-to-point untuk membentuk suatu struktur ring. Sebuah sistem diijinkan untuk mengirim hanya bila sistem tersebut memiliki token (data unit khsusus yg digunakan bersama-sama) yg akan dilewatkan dari satu sistem ke sistem lain sekitar ring. komputer port adalah tempat adalah tempat dimana informasi masuk dan keluar. Di PC contohnya monitor sebagai keluaran informasi, keyboard dan mouse sebagai masukan informasi. Tetapi dalam istilah internet, port berbentuk virtual (software) bukan berbentuk fisik seperti RS232 serial port (utk koneksi modem).

6. Bagaimana TCP dan IP bekerja ?

Seperti yg telah dikemukakan diatas TCP/IP hanyalah merupakan suatu lapisan protokol(penghubung) antara satu komputer dg yg lainnya dalam network, meskipun ke dua komputer tersebut memiliki OS yg berbeda. Untuk mengerti lebih jauh marilah kita tinjau pengiriman sebuah email. Dalam pengiriman email ada beberapa prinsip dasar yg harus dilakukan. Pertama, mencakup hal-hal umum berupa siapa yg mengirim email, siapa yg menerima email tersebut serta isi dari email tersebut. Kedua, bagaimana cara agar email tersebut sampai pada tujuannya.Dari konsep ini kita dapat mengetahui bahwa pengirim email memerlukan “perantara” yg memungkinkan emailnya sampai ke tujuan (seperti layaknya pak pos). Dan ini adalah tugas dari TCP/IP. Antara TCP dan IP ada pembagian tugas masing-masing.

TCP merupakan connection-oriented, yg berarti bahwa kedua komputer yg ikut serta dalam pertukaran data harus melakukan hubungan terlebih dulu sebelum pertukaran data ( dalam hal ini email) berlangsung. Selain itu TCP juga bertanggung jawab untuk menyakinkan bahwa email tersebut sampai ke tujuan, memeriksa kesalahan dan mengirimkan error ke lapisan atas hanya bila TCP tidak berhasil melakukan hubungan (hal inilah yg membuat TCP sukar untuk dikelabuhi). Jika isi email tersebut terlalu besar untuk satu datagram * , TCP akan membaginya kedalam beberapa datagram. IP bertanggung jawab setelah hubungan berlangsung, tugasnya adalah untuk meroute data packet . didalam network. IP hanya bertugas sebagai kurir dari TCP dalam penyampaian datagram dan “tidak bertanggung jawab” jika data tersebut tidak sampai dengan utuh (hal ini disebabkan IP tidak memiliki informasi mengenai isi data yg dikirimkan) maka IP akan mengirimkan pesan kesalahan ICMP*. Jika hal ini terjadi maka IP hanya akan memberikan pesan kesalahan (error message) kembali ke sumber data. Karena IP “hanya” mengirimkan data “tanpa” mengetahui mana data yg akan disusun berikutnya menyebabkan IP mudah untuk dimodifikasi daerah “sumber dan tujuan” datagram. Hal inilah penyebab banyak paket hilang sebelum sampai kembali ke sumber awalnya. (jelas ! sumber dan tujuannya sudah dimodifikasi) Kalimat Datagram dan paket sering dipertukarkan penggunaanya. Secara teknis, datagram adalah kalimat yg digunakan jika kita hendak menggambarkan TCP/IP. Datagram adalah unit dari data, yg tercakup dalam protokol.

ICPM adalah kependekan dari Internet Control Message Protocol yg bertugas memberikan pesan dalam IP. Berikut adalah beberapa pesan potensial sering timbul (lengkapnya lihat RFC 792):

a. Destination unreachable, terjadi jika host,jaringan,port atau protokol tertentu tidak dapat dijangkau.

b. Time exceded, dimana datagram tidak bisa dikirim karena time to live habis.

c. Parameter problem, terjadi kesalahan parameter dan letak oktert dimana kesalahan terdeteksi.

d. Source quench, terjadi karena router/host tujuan membuang datagram karena batasan ruang buffer atau karena datagram tidak dapat diproses.

e. Redirect, pesan ini memberi saran kepada host asal datagram mengenai router yang lebih tepat untuk menerima datagram tsb.

f. Echo request dan echo reply message, pesan ini saling mempertukarkan data antara host.

Selain RFC 792 ada juga RFC 1256 yg isinya berupa ICMP router discovery message dan merupakan perluasan dari ICMP, terutama membahas mengenai kemampuan bagi host untuk menempatkan rute ke gateway.

7. Bagaimanakah bentuk format header protokol UDP,TCP,IP ?

UDP memberikan alternatif transport untuk proses yg tidak membutuhkan pengiriman yg handal. Seperti yg telah dibahas sebelumnya, UDP merupakan protokol yg tidak handal, karena tidak menjamin pengiriman data atau perlindungan duplikasi. UDP tidak mengurus masalah penerimaan aliran data dan pembuatan segmen yg sesuai untuk IP.Akibatnya, UDP adalah protokol sederhana yg berjalan dengan kemampuan jauh dibawah TCP. Source port, adalah port asal dimana system mengirimkan datagram. Destination port, adalah port tujuan pada host penerima. Length, berisikan panjang datagram dan termasuk data. Checksum, bersifat optional yg berfungsi utk meyakinkan bahwa data tidak akan mengalami rusak (korup)

TCP, Seperti yg telah dibahas sebelumnya, TCP merupakan protokol yg handal dan bertanggung jawab untuk mengirimkan aliran data ke tujuannya secara handal dan berurutan. Untuk memastikan diterimanya data, TCP menggunakan nomor urutan segmen dan acknowlegement (jawaban). Misalkan anda ingin mengirim file berbentuk seperti berikut :

TCP kemudian akan memecah pesan itu menjadi beberapa datagram (untuk melakukan hal ini, TCP tidak mengetahui berapa besar datagram yg bisa ditampung jaringan. Biasanya, TCP akan memberitahukan besarnya datagram yg bisa dibuat, kemudian mengambil nilai yg terkecil darinya, untuk memudahkan).

TCP kemudian akan meletakan header di depan setiap datagram tersebut. Header ini biasanya terdiri dari 20 oktet, tetapi yg terpenting adalah oktet ini berisikan sumber dan tujuan “nomor port (port number)” dan “nomor urut (sequence number)”. Nomor port digunakan untuk menjaga data dari banyaknya data yg lalu lalang. Misalkan ada 3 orang yg mengirim file. TCP anda akan mengalokasikan nomor port 1000, 1001, dan 1002 untuk transfer file. Ketika datagram dikirim, nomor port ini menjadi “sumber port (source port)” number untuk masing-masing jenis transfer. Yg perlu diperhatikan yaitu bahwa TCP perlu mengetahui juga port yg dapat digunakan oleh tujuan (dilakukan diawal hubungan). Port ini diletakan pada daerah “tujuan port (destination port)”. Tentu saja jika ada datagram yg kembali, maka source dan destination portnya akan terbalik, dan sejak itu port anda menjadi destination port dan port tujuan menjadi source port.

Setiap datagram mempunyai nomor urut (sequence number) masing-masing yg berguna agar datagram tersebut dapat tersusun pada urutan yg benar dan agar tidak ada datagram yg hilang. TCP tidak memberi “nomor” datagram, tetapi pada oktetnya. Jadi jika ada 500 oktet data dalam setiap datagram, datagram yg pertama mungkin akan bernomor urut 0, kedua 500, ketiga 1000, selanjutnya 1500 dan eterusnya. Kemudian semua susunan oktet didalam datagram akan diperiksa keadaannya benar atau salah, dan biasa disebut dg “checksum”. Hasilnya kemudian diletakan ke header TCP. Yg perlu diperhatikan ialah bahwa checksum ini dilakukan di kedua komputer yg melakukan hubungan. Jika nilai keberadaan susunan oktet antara satu checksum dg checksum yg lain tidak sama, maka sesuatu yg tidak diinginkan akan terjadi pada datagram tersebut, yaitu gagalnya koneksi (lihat bahasan sebelumnya).

Ada beberapa bagian dari header yg belum kita bahas. Biasanya bagian header ini terlibat sewaktu hubungan berlangsung.

*

Seperti ‘acknowledgement number’ misalnya, yg bertugas untuk menunggu jawaban apakah datagram yg dikirim sudah sampai atau belum. Jika tidak ada jawaban (acknowledgement) dalam batas waktu tertentu, maka data akan dikirim lagi.
*

Window berfungsi untuk mengontrol berapa banyak data yg bisa singgah dalam satu waktu. Jika Window sudah terisi, ia akan segera langsung mengirim data tersebut dan tidak akan menunggu data yg terlambat, karena akan menyebabkan hubungan menjadi lambat.
*

Urgent pointer menunjukan nomor urutan oktet menyusul data yg mendesak. Urgent pointer adalah bilangan positif berisi posisi dari nomor urutan pada segmen. Reserved selalu berisi nol. Dicadangkan untuk penggunaan mendatang.
*

Control bit (disamping kanan reserved, baca dari atas ke bawah). Ada enam kontrol bit :

a. URG, Saat di set 1 ruang urgent pointer memiliki makna, set 0 diabaikan.

b. ACK saat di set ruang acknowledgement number memiliki arti.

c. PSH, memulai fungsi push.

d. RST, memaksa hubungan di reset.

e. SYN, melakukan sinkronisasi nomor urutan untuk hubungan. Bila diset maka hubungan di buka.

f. FIN, hubungan tidak ada lagi.

IP

TCP akan mengirim setiap datagram ke IP dan meminta IP untuk mengirimkannya ke tujuan(tentu saja dg cara mengirimkan IP alamat tujuan). Inilah tugas IP sebenarnya. IP tidak peduli apa isi dari datagram, atau isi dari TCP header. Tugas IP sangat sederhana, yaitu hanya mengantarkan datagram tersebut sampai tujuan (lihat bahasan sebelumnya). Jika IP melewati suatu gateway, maka ia kemudian akan menambahkan header miliknya. Hal yg penting dari header ini adalah “source address” dan “Destination address”, “protocol number” dan “checksum”. “source address” adalah alamat asal datagram. “Destination address” adalah alamat tujuan datagram (ini penting agar gateway mengetahui ke mana datagram akan pergi). “Protocol number” meminta IP tujuan untuk mengirim datagram ke TCP. Karena meskipun jalannya IP menggunakan TCP, tetapi ada juga protokol tertentu yg dapat menggunakan IP, jadi kita harus memastikan IP menggunakan protokol apa untuk mengirim datagram tersebut. Akhirnya, “checksum” akan meminta IP tujuan untuk meyakinkan bahwa header tidak mengalami kerusakan. Yang perlu dicatat yaitu bahwa TCP dan IP menggunakan checksum yang berbeda.

3. Bagaimana awalnya keberadaan TCP/IP ?

Konsep TCP/IP berawal dari kebutuhan DoD (Departement of Defense) AS akan suatu komunikasi di antara berbagai variasi komputer yg telah ada. Komputer-komputer DoD ini seringkali harus berhubungan antara satu organisasi peneliti dg organisasi peneliti lainnya, dan harus tetap berhubungan sehingga pertahanan negara tetap berjalan selama terjadi bencana, seperti ledakan nuklir. Oleh karenanya pada tahun 1969 dimulailah penelitian terhadap serangkaian protokol TCP/IP. Di antara tujuan-tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut :

1.

Terciptanya protokol-protokol umum, DoD memerlukan suatu protokol yg dapat ditentukan untuk semua jaringan.
2.

Meningkatkan efisiensi komunikasi data.
3.

Dapat dipadukan dengan teknologi WAN (Wide Area Network) yg telah ada.
4.

Mudah dikonfigurasikan.

Tahun 1968 DoD ARPAnet (Advanced Reseach Project Agency) memulai penelitian yg kemudian menjadi cikal bakal packet switching . Packet switching inilah yg memungkinkan komunikasi antara lapisan network (dibahas nanti) dimana data dijalankan dan disalurkan melalui jaringan dalam bentuk unit-unit kecil yg disebut packet*. Tiap-tiap packet ini membawa informasi alamatnya masing-masing yg ditangani dengan khusus oleh jaringan tersebut dan tidak tergantung dengan paket-paket lain. Jaringan yg dikembangkan ini, yg menggunakan ARPAnet sebagai tulang punggungnya, menjadi terkenal sebagai internet. Protokol-protokol TCP/IP dikembangkan lebih lanjut pada awal 1980 dan menjadi protokol-protokol standar untuk ARPAnet pada tahun 1983. Protokol-protokol ini mengalami peningkatan popularitas di komunitas pemakai ketika TCP/IP digabungkan menjadi versi 4.2 dari BSD (Berkeley Standard Distribution) UNIX. Versi ini digunakan secara luas pada institusi penelitian dan pendidikan dan digunakan sebagai dasar dari beberapa penerapan UNIX komersial, termasuk SunOS dari Sun dan Ultrix dari Digital. Karena BSD UNIX mendirikan hubungan antara TCP/IP dan sistem operasi UNIX, banyak implementasi UNIX sekarang menggabungkan TCP/IP. Unit informasi yg mana jaringan berkomunikasi. Tiap-tiap paket berisi identitas (header) station pengirim dan penerima, informasi error-control, permintaan suatu layanan dalam lapisan network, informasi bagaimana menangani permintaan dan sembarang data penting yg harus ditransfer.

sumber :http://habi3.blogspot.com

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Sunday 18 May 2008

New power, new speed. Quad-core from Intel.


Leaders of the pack seeking monster performance, look no further. With four execution cores, the Intel® Core™2 Quad processor blows through processor-intensive tasks in demanding multitasking environments and makes the most of highly threaded applications. Whether you're creating multimedia, annihilating your gaming enemies, or running compute-intensive applications at one time, new quad-core processing will change the way you do everything. Pioneer the new world of quad-core and unleash the power of multithreading.

Features and benefits

The high end just got higher. Introducing the latest additions to the Core 2 Quad family built using Intel's 45nm technology and hafnium-infused circuitry. These new processors deliver amazing performance and power efficiency. Whether it's encoding, rendering, editing, or streaming, make the most of your professional-grade multimedia applications with a PC powered by the Intel® Core™2 Quad processor. With four processing cores and up to 12MB of shared L2 cache¹ and up to 1333 MHz Front Side Bus, more intensive entertainment and more multitasking can bring a multimedia powerhouse to your house. Intel® Wide Dynamic Execution, enabling delivery of more instructions per clock cycle to improve execution time and energy efficiency

Intel® Intelligent Power Capability, designed to deliver more energy-efficient performance

Intel® Smart Memory Access, improving system performance by optimizing the use of the available data bandwidth

Intel® Advanced Smart Cache, providing a higher-performance, more efficient cache subsystem. Optimized for multi-core and dual-core processors

Intel® Advanced Digital Media Boost, accelerating a broad range of applications, including video, speech and image, photo processing, encryption, financial, engineering and scientific applications. Now improved even further on 45nm versions with Intel® HD Boost utilizing new SSE4 instructions for even better multimedia performance

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GA-P31-DS3L GIGABYTE MAINBOARD



Supports Intel® Core™ 2 multi-core and 45nm processors
Dual Channel DDR2 1066(O.C.) for remarkable system performance
Ultimate graphics performance with PCI-E x16 interface
Integrated high speed SATA 3Gb/s
Features high speed Gigabit Ethernet connection
Home theater quality 8-channel High Definition Audio
All-Solid capacitor motherboard design

Features and benefits

Specifications

CPU Support
Support for an Intel® Core™ 2 Extreme processor/ Intel® Core™ 2 Quad processor/ Intel® Core™ 2 Duo processor/ Intel Pentium processor Extreme Edition/ Intel® Pentium D processor/ Intel® Pentium 4 processor Extreme Edition/ Intel® Pentium 4 processor/ Intel® Celeron processor in the LGA 775 package
Support for Intel Hyper-Threading Technology
L2 cache varies with CPU

Front Side Bus 1333/1066/800 MHz FSB

Chipset
North Bridge: Intel® P31 Express Chipset
South Bridge: Intel® ICH7

Memory
- 4 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets supporting up to 4 GB of system memory (Note 1)
- Dual channel memory architecture
- Support for DDR2 (1066)/800/667 MHz memory modules (Note 2)
*Because of chipset limitations, do not populate both DIMM sockets of the same channel (e.g. DDR and DDR2), or populate 4 DIMM sockets with double-sided memory modules to prevent system's failure to start or incorrect detection of memory modules. Please refer to the user manual for the memory configurations table.

* Because of chipset limitations, when using FSB 1333 MHz CPU with populating all DIMM sockets, memory frequency will be reduced from the original, and system instability or incorrect detection of memory module may be occur. Please refer "Memory Support List" for memory support information.

(Note 1)Based on standard PC architecture, a certain amount of memory is reserved for system usage and therefore the actual memory size is less than the stated amount. For example, 4 GB of memory size will instead be shown as 3.xx GB during system startup.
(Note 2)Some memory configurations will result in memory frequency being reduced from the original frequency.

Audio
- Realtek ALC888 codec
- High Definition Audio
- 2/4/5.1/7.1-channel
- Support for S/PDIF In/Out
- Support for CD In

LAN RTL 8111B chip (10/100/1000 Mbit)

Expansion Slots
- 1 x PCI Express x16 slot
- 3 x PCI Express x1 slots
- 3 x PCI slots

Storage Interface
- South Bridge:
- 1 x IDE connector supporting ATA-100/66/33 and up to 2 IDE devices
- 4 x SATA 3Gb/s connectors supporting up to 4 SATA 3Gb/s devices
- iTE IT8718 chip:
- 1 x floppy disk drive connector supporting up to 1 floppy disk drive
USB
- Integrated in the South Bridge
Up to 8 USB 2.0/1.1 ports (4 on the back panel, 4 via the USB brackets connected to
the internal USB headers)

Internal I/O Connectors
- 1 x 24-pin ATX main power connector
- 1 x 4-pin ATX 12V power connector
- 1 x floppy disk drive connector
- 1 x IDE connector
- 4 x SATA 3Gb/s connectors
- 1 x CPU fan header
- 2 x system fan headers
- 1 x power fan header
- 1 x front panel header
- 1 x front panel audio header
- 1 x CD In connector
- 1 x S/PDIF In header
- 1 x S/PDIF Out header
- 2 x USB 2.0/1.1 headers
- 1 x chassis intrusion header
- 1 x power LED header

Back Panel Connectors
- 1 x PS/2 keyboard port Connectors
- 1 x PS/2 mouse port
- 1 x parallel port
- 1 x serial port
- 4 x USB 2.0/1.1 ports
- 1 x RJ-45 port
- 6 x audio jacks (Center/Subwoofer Speaker Out/Rear Speaker Out/Side Speaker
Out/Line In/Line Out/Microphone)

I/O ControlleriTE IT8718 chip

H/W Monitoring
- System voltage detection
- CPU/System temperature detection
- CPU/System/Power fan speed detection
- CPU overheating warning
- CPU/System/Power fan fail warning
- CPU fan speed control

BIOS
- 1 x 4 Mbit flash
- Use of licensed AWARD BIOS
- PnP 1.0a, DMI 2.0, SM BIOS 2.3, ACPI 1.0b

Unique Features
- Support for @BIOS
- Support for Download Center
- Support for Q-Flash
- Support for EasyTune (Note 3)
- Support for Xpress Install
- Support for Xpress Recovery2
- Support for Virtual Dual BIOS


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Saturday 17 May 2008

MH8221 Multi-Homing Router


PROLiNK MH8221 Multi-Homing Load Balance Broadband Router is a WAN and failover router, which can also be known as Multi-Homing SOHO gateway. It provides 2 WAN ports for ADSL or cable modem. Users can enjoy traffic load sharing and load balance of multiple ADSL/cable links, in order to avoid single link failure. It also provides many key features like VoIP Pass-Through, VPN Pass-Through, multiple DMZ-host supported, MIPS with 150MHz, dynamic DNS supported and lots more.

Product Descriptions

Features & Specifications

WAN Port

• 2 x 10M/100M port (2 x WAN Router) Auto-sensing (RJ45) 802.3/802.3u, Auto MDI/MDIX

LAN Port

• 1 x 10M/100M Auto-sensing (RJ45) 802.3/802.3u, Auto MDI/MDIX

CPU

• MIPS with 150MHz

Memory

• Flash: 2M Bytes
• SDRAM: 16M Bytes

Indicators

• LAN, WAN1, WAN2, WAN3, WAN4

Reset Switch

• Push to load factory default value or back to latest configuration file

Power

• DC 5V/2.8A
• External Switching Power Adaptor with full range
• 110v - 220v AC Input

Outbound Load Balance

• Provide 3 working modes:

◊ Session
◊ Weight round robin
◊ Traffic

InBound

• Session mode

Protocol

• TCP/IP, UDP- ARP, BOOTP, ICMP, Routing Protocol, DHCP Server/Client, FTP, TFTP, Telnet, PPPoE

VPN Pass Through

• IPSEC, PPTP

Routing Protocol

• Static Route, RIP1, RIP2

Dynamic DNS

• Support dyndns.org

Working Mode

• Router Mode:

◊ Work as router with 5 different LAN
◊ PPPoE not supported
• Gateway Mode:

◊ All functions enabled
• Basic NAT Mode:

◊ All function supported except IP packet filtering & DoS Defense

Security

• DMZ host
• Multi NAT/NAPT
• PAP/CHAP
• Virtual Server Mapping Support
• Internet Access Control
• Supports Messenger, Real Audio & Cu-See-Me

Mail Alert

• WAN Up, WAN Down, DoS Attack & System Log Full
• Support Proxy Server

System Log

• Local event logging

Firewall

• DoS (Denial of Service) Protection:

◊ Active ports scan
◊ TCP SYNC flood
◊ ICMP flood
◊ IP source route option detection
◊ IP spoofing
◊ Ping of death
◊ IP fragment overlap
◊ UDP flooding
◊ Ping oversize
◊ Ping enable/disable

System Timer

• NTP (Network Timer Protocol)
• Use PC local time

DHCP Server/Client

• DHCP Server can reserve up to 253 IP
• Supports up to 512 users

SNMP v1/v2c

• MIB1, MIB2, Private MIB

Firmware Upgrade

• HTTP web-based download/TFTP

Configuration File

• Online display configuration
• Saves & restores configuration into PC

Remote Configure

• Configure router through internet

WAN IP Convert

• WAN port can connect to different IP domain gateway

Healthy Check

• Up to 2 WAN port
• Check WAN port link & ADSL link
• Automatically switch packet to well-connect line from broken line

IP Binding

• Specific destination IP address plus port number through dedicated WAN port

Special IP Assignment

• Specific destination IP or local IP address through dedicated WAN port
• Route path control by port number

VoIP Pass Through

• Supports H.323 ALG

Protocol Bandwidth Control

• Dynamic allocate bandwidth for specific protocol in each WAN port to avoid link congestion

QoS

• Limit specific application bandwidth & WAN port route path
• Limit specific User Bandwidth & WAN port route path

System Data Monitor

• Show each WAN port bandwidth usage & traffic status

Multi-NAT

• User definable
• Up to 10 different LAN segment IP can be define at LAN port

Virtual Server

• Bi-direction virtual server
• Local virtual server pass through
• Support group virtual server setting mode
• LAN users can use WAN IP to reach virtual server

Temperature

• 0 ~ 40°C (operation)
• -10 ~ 60°C (storage)

Dimension

• 180mm (W) x 160mm (D) x 50mm (H)

Weight

• Under 600g

Humidity

• -10 ~ 95% RH

Certification

• CE, FCC


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PCC5020 5.0MP PC Camera PROLINK


PROLiNK introduces the new PCC5020 5.0 Megapixels Web Camera to its array of wired and wireless accessories.

Finished in glossy black, it is packed in with a impressive features including a true 1.3 megapixels resolution and images up to 2592 * 1944. High quality pictures and video ensure a more natural experience when communicating online. Be amazed with the vibrant colors and outstanding details!

PROLiNK PCC5020 offers the state of the art technology and supports most operating systems including Windows Vista™.
True 1.3 megapixel sensor with NightVision Technology

Features & Specifications

• Still image capture: True 1280 * 960, up to 2592 * 1944 resolution

• Frame rate: Up to 30 frames per second (VGA)

• USB 2.0 Interface (Compatible with USB 1.1)

• Ultra-Wide Angle Lens with up to 71ยบ viewing angle

• Functional base for use on both PC desktops and notebooks

• Built-in microphone

Works with MSN Messenger, Yahoo Messenger, Skype and other compatible instant messaging services

• Personalize your conversations with special effects such as photo frame and face effects etc.

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ASUS F7Se Notebook Personal Digital Entertainment Solution


Now it´s possible to have your very own home theater, computer and game consol all in one sleek and portable smart machine.

All In One

The F7Se notebook is the ideal personal digital entertainment solution. It offers powerful computing capabilities, complete digital multimedia applications and wireless audio and video communication all at one affordable price. Now it's possible to have your very own home theater, computer and game consol all in one sleek and portable smart machine.

Dual core, Double Power
Equipped with the latest dual core processing, the F7Se provides enhanced responsiveness to enjoy audio & video playback & record, gaming, IM, and web-browsing simultaneously on your notebook. Moreover, it offers outstanding dual-core performance to enjoy multimedia management and digital content creation. F7Se is performed to convert your laptop into a home studio to manage, play, encode digital audio *CPU features available may very in each region

Cinematic Visual Experience
Incorporated with the latest graphic technologies from ASUS, the large 17" widescreen F7Se not only offers complete visual satisfaction but also beautiful displays for both work and play. Moreover, with ATI Mobility Radeon HD2400, F7Se delivers the ultimate experience for the following four key uses: Media Center PCs, Digital TVs, High Definition Discs (ie Blu-Ray & HD-DVD), and High Fidelity Digital Imaging (digital video and pictures).

Omni bearing Audio/ Video Interface - HDMI
HDMI supports standard, enhanced, or high-definition video, plus multi-channel digital audio on a single cable. It transmits all ATSC HDTV standards and supports 8-channel digital audio, and with 5Gbps of bandwidth, HDMI can accommodate future enhancements and requirements.

Catch Your Favorite TV Programs on the Notebook*
ASUS has once again demonstrated its advanced engineering ability with the F7Se built-in DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial) feature. With hybrid (analog + DVB-T) built-in TV tuner, wireless TV broadcasting right out of the notebook is possible whenever and wherever.
*Availability of this feature may vary in each region.

ASUS Splendid Video Intelligence technology
To satisfy the most demanding viewing standards, ASUS Splendid Video Intelligence Technology integrates and synchronizes different multimedia data sources to reduce noise and conversion rate for a sharp display. Enjoy vivid image displays with improved image contrast, brightness, skin tone and color saturation with true brilliance!

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Core 2 Duo E8500, E8400 and E8200 Processors


These days Intel refreshes their dual-core Core 2 Duo processor lineup. The new CPUs manufactured with 45nm process boast a lot of advantages compared to their predecessors. We would like to offer you our extensive write-up about them
Not so long ago we thought that in early 2008 we will be focusing on comparing the new AMD Phenom processors against the refreshed Intel Penryn manufactured with 45nm technological process. However, these expectations didn’t come true, and both – AMD and Intel – should be blamed for that.
It is true, at this time AMD cannot deliver mass quad-core processors working at competitive frequencies. The currently available Phenom models lose even to previous generation quad-core Intel processors, not to mention the more advanced CPUs. It is quite logical that Intel doesn’t have any significant stimulus to refresh their quad-core processor line-up, because there are simply no worthy competitors to the pretty successful Core 2 Quad on old 65nm cores these days. That is why the launch of new Core 2 Quad processors known as Yorkfield has been postponed for an indefinite period of time, at least until February or March 2008. And although Intel has found an excuse – an alleged problem in the upcoming processors caused by EMI in 1333MHz front side bus when these CPUs are used in hypothetical mainboards with 4-layer PCB design – it doesn’t sound convincing at all.

As for us, we have to state to our disappointment that it doesn’t make sense to compare Phenom against Penryn, because the former is uncompetitive, and the latter is still illusive and remains only an upcoming solution for the time being.

Nevertheless, there are more than enough interesting topics for discussion in the today’s processor market. Although Intel decided to postpone the launch of their quad-core processors on 45nm cores, the Core 2 Duo processor lineup will be refreshed with a few new models. They are going to announce three new processor models with Wolfdale codename within the next few days. They will be Core 2 Duo E8500, E8400 and E8200. These CPUs are based on the revised core manufactured with 45nm process and belong to the same Penryn family as the postponed Yorkfield CPUs. We certainly can’t disregard the arrival of mass Wolfdale processors, which promise to raise the performance bar for Intel’s dual-core solutions to a totally new qualitative level. They feature higher clock speeds, larger L2 cache and a number of other improvements. And the most pleasing thing about them is their cost, set at the same level as that of older Core 2 Duo solutions.


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